Increasing number of vehicles on the road, dust emanating from bad roads across the city and construction activities that are taking place on a large scale for the past several years are ruining the health of the residents of the metropolitan city.

Elder people and children below 10 years of age whose lung systems are weak are succumbing to allergies or bronchitis due to air pollution. Fine dust that settles on the windows and tables at homes is contributing to the increase in lung-related diseases.

An exponential increase in particulate matter (PM) in the air in Bengaluru city is the main cause for the rise in lung diseases. PM can be in the form of dust, dirt, soot, smoke and liquid droplets. Some particles are large enough to be seen as soot or smoke while others are so small that they can only be detected with an electron microscope.

Particles less than 10 micrometres in diameter (PM10) pose a health hazard because they can be inhaled and accumulate in the respiratory system. Particles less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter (PM2.5) are referred to as “fine” particles and are believed to pose the greatest health risks because of their small size. These fine particles can get lodged deep inside the lungs.

According to the statics obtained from Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB), PM10 and PM 2.5 have exceeded national standards (60 ug/m3 (microgram /cubic meter) and 40 ug/m3 respectively) in almost all locations where ambient air quality stations are located. The KSPCB is monitoring ambient air quality in Bengaluru city at 16 locations as per the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board covering industrial, residential, rural and other areas under National Ambient Air Quality Programme.

As per the data obtained for the year 2016-2017, out of 16 locations, 15 locations have exceeded the national limits of PM10 (60ug/m3). PM10 content in the city is 98.9 ug/m3 as against the national standard of 60 ug/m3. Central Silk Board on Hosur Road and Whitefield Industrial Area have the highest PM content with almost double the limit.

Particulate matter invades human lungs at night and early in the morning. As a result, people with asthma and bronchitis get affected during these times.

Lakshman, Chairman of Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, said, “Density of vehicles has increased in the city. Road and Metro works and construction activities are major causes for increase in air pollution in the city. Dust emanating from bad roads too is contributing its share. In order to control pollution in the city, the KSPCB has recommended several measures including imposing a ban on 15-year-old vehicles and encouraging CNG-fuelled vehicles in the city. Expansion of Metro corridor will also reduce the air pollution as more people are likely to rely on Metro for travelling.”