JAIPUR: The arid regions of Rajasthan are the worst sufferer of climatic changes, according to Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Jodhpur. Eleven districts in this zone have seen a rise in surface heating, reduction in rainfall, change in crop pattern and low milk productivity of livestock. The inference emerged after CAZRI analyzed climatic data of this region from 1913 to 2013. The latest data received from remote sensing says that rainfall is likely to decline gradually by 20% to 30% in the arid region.
The arid region comprises Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Pali, Jalore, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Bikaner, Churu, Sri Ganganagar and Hunumangarh. The report prepared by the scientists of CAZRI pointed out that unusual heating of the surface has been happening since the mid 80s. "The annual temperature has risen by 2-3 degree Celsius and it is estimated that in the few decades, this figure will be around 5 degree Celsius. It will drastically affect food, fodder, water and livelihood of people of this region," SPS Tanwar, head department of Agronomy, CAZRI, said.
In fact, in the past 100 years, the region has witnessed three severe droughts, in 1989, 2002 and 2009. This year too, six of these districts are facing a drought-like situation. "The rainfall was negligible in the month of august and September. This has resulted in depletion of the ground water table to an extent where salinity in the water has increased manifold, making it unfit for drinking especially in Jaisalmer, Barmer, Bikaner and Pali," said
The study further says that over the years, 20-40% loss of yield loss was recorded in Mustard and other rabi crops. The impact on the soil cover has reduced the green pastures, the effects of which are now noticeable in livestock's body weight and milk. The agricultural output has also declined, putting an end to the sustainable productivity. In the study, CAZRI explains that the immediate need is to switch over to arid farming, introducing livestock production management, effective soil conservation measures and emphasis on harnessing renewable energy resources.
