The report establishes that unless environmental risk factors are acknowledged and dealt with, India will not be able to curb NCDs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are four major risk factors for NCDs -- alcohol, tobacco, poor diet intake and lack of physical activity, which the WHO claims could be dramatically reduced by investing just USD 1-3 per year per person. The CSE report, however, confronts the WHO estimation, asserting that much more investment would be required for India. "We believe the cost is going to be much higher considering that risk factors in India are many more than the four identified by the global body," said Sunita Narain, director general, CSE and member Supreme Court-appointed Environment Pollution Control Authority (EPCA). Explaining the reasons behind this, Narain said that the identified risk factors -- alcohol, tobacco, poor diet, and lack of physical activity -- have multiple targets and can cause diseases which are not generally linked to them. "For example, exposure to pesticides is known to cause cancer, but new data is emerging to link it to diabetes as well," she says. Similarly, air pollution is known to cause Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD), but there is little understanding on how this can adversely affect mental health. "Targeting environmental risk factors is essential if we want to meet the Sustainable Development Goal 3.4, which mandates a one-third reduction in premature deaths due to lifestyle diseases by 2030," says Vibha Varshney, the lead writer of the report that highlights linkages of pollution to mental health.